ABSTRACT
Se presenta un análisis cualitativo al discurso normativo colombiano en torno a la Inclusión Educativa producido entre los años 1991 y 2013, se identifican conceptos, criterios e imaginarios que lo atraviesan, algunas relaciones entre dicho discurso y sus condicionesde emergencia. Se destaca, entre otros asuntos, que el discurso normativo colombiano con respecto a la Inclusión Educativa tiende a desconfiar de sí mismo, aspira a abarcar todas las realidades humanas, en este sentido homogeniza e idealiza los fenómenos.
A qualitative analysis to the Colombian regulatory discourse around Educational Inclusion, produced between 1991 and 2013, is introduced. Besides, some concepts, criteria, and imaginaries which cross it, as well as some relations between that speech and emergencyconditions are identified. Among other issues, the Colombian normative discourse regarding Inclusive Education, which tends to distrust itself, is highlighted, and aims to encompassall human realities, which, in this sense homogenizes and idealizes the phenomena.
Subject(s)
Humans , Comprehension , Human Development , Mainstreaming, Education/standards , Colombia , Child Advocacy/education , Social Discrimination/psychology , Social ConditionsABSTRACT
Las estrategias de control de la tuberculosis (TB) poseen un costo/efectividad muy favorable. Se describen y valoran los impactos del programa de control, utilizando las series temporales de casos nuevos y fallecidos notificados por TB en 1964-91 y 1992-96. Se estimaron los casos evitados y años potenciales de vida ganados; gastos por quimioterapia, hospitalizaciones y prestaciones sociales ahorrados, valorados sobre la base del número de casos nuevos, definiciones y casos esperados estimados. Entre 1965-1991, la incidencia estimada de TB se redujo en 94,6 por ciento (4 por ciento por año), se evitaron unos 86.500 casos nuevos; hubo una ganancia potencial de 166.439 años de vida. Se estimó un ahorro de 2.831.625,3 pesos solo por costo de tuberculostáticos dejados de aplicar. Se redujeron los pagos por subsidio salarial de trabajadores enfermos por TB con 82 millones de pesos ahorrados. El total ahorrado estimado asciende a 494.919.631,3 pesos. Estos impactos son muy importantes y avalan la efectividad de las estrategias aplicadas bajo las circunstancias sociopolíticas del país, favoreciendo los enfoques para un programa de eliminación.
Subject(s)
National Health Programs , Tuberculosis/prevention & controlABSTRACT
A large influenza epidemic took place in Havana during the winter of 1988. The epidemiologic surveillance unit of the Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine detected the begining of the epidemic wave. The Rvachev-Baroyan mathematical model of the geographic spread of an epidemic was used to forecast this epidemic under routine conditions of the public health system. The expected number of individuals who would attend outpatient services, because of influenza-like illness, was calculated and communicated to the health authorities within enough time to permit the introduction of available control measures. The approximate date of the epidemic peak, the daily expected number of individuals attending medical services, and the approximate time of the end of the epidemic wave were estimated. The prediction error was 12%. The model was sufficienty accurate to warrant its use as a pratical forecasting tool in the Cuban public health system
Subject(s)
Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Cuba/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/prevention & controlABSTRACT
A forecast of nonepidemic morbidity due to acute respiratory infections were carry out by using time series analysis. The data consisted of the weekly reports of medical patient consultation from ambulatory facilities from the whole country. A version of regression model was fitted to the data. Using this approach, we were able to detect the starting data of the epidemic under routine surveillance conditions for various age groups. It will be necessary to improve the data reporting system in order to introduce these procedures at the local health center level, as well as on the provincial level